Free tool
Superscript generator
Turn numbers and letters into superscript for exponents, trademarks and footnotes, or into subscript for formulas. The result is plain Unicode, so it pastes into any text field.
Superscript
ᴴ²ᴼ ᵃⁿᵈ ˣ²
Subscript
H₂O ₐₙd ₓ₂
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How to use it
- Type the numbers or letters to convert.
- Copy the superscript or subscript version.
- Paste it where it belongs.
What converts
Every digit and the signs + − = ( ) have true superscript and subscript forms: x², 10⁻³, H₂O. Most letters have a superscript form too, though q is borrowed from another script, and subscript letters stop at seventeen: a, e, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, u, v and x. There are no subscript capitals, which is why H2O comes out as H₂O.
Superscript and subscript numbers
Superscript: ⁰ ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ ⁷ ⁸ ⁹ ⁺ ⁻ ⁼ ⁽ ⁾
Subscript: ₀ ₁ ₂ ₃ ₄ ₅ ₆ ₇ ₈ ₉ ₊ ₋ ₌ ₍ ₎
Keyboard shortcuts in documents
Word: Ctrl+Shift+= for superscript and Ctrl+= for subscript, or Command+Shift+= and Command+= on a Mac. Google Docs: Ctrl+. and Ctrl+, — Command+. and Command+, on a Mac. Those format any character inside a document. The Unicode characters here are for places without formatting: a bio, a chat message, a spreadsheet cell or a product name.
Common uses
Units and exponents (m², 10³), old-style ordinals (1ˢᵗ), footnote marks¹, a trademark look-alike (ᵀᴹ, though ™ is its own character), and chemical formulas in subscript (CO₂).
Why the letters look uneven
Superscript letters were added to Unicode piecemeal: ¹ ² ³ come from the oldest Latin block, ⁱ and ⁿ from the superscripts block, most others from phonetic alphabets. Fonts draw each group at its own height and weight, so a superscript word can look slightly bumpy. Digits are the most consistent set, which is why exponents look best.
Superscript in spreadsheets and formulas
Excel and Google Sheets keep the characters in a cell, which is handy for labels such as m² or CO₂. A formula does not read them as numbers, though: =2² is an error, and powers are written with a caret, as in =2^2. Complex math — fractions, nested exponents — needs an equation editor rather than Unicode.
Questions people ask
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